Phonograph motor and the like and method for lubricating the same



M. WElL ruouoeamn MOTOR AND THE LIKE AND METHOD FOR Lusmcmme THE SAME 2sheet ssheet 1 Filed Aug. 21,

anomto c Mari/radian Wei! @3 M Moi/nu M. WElL 'ron AND THE LIKE ANDMETHOD FOR LUBRICATING THE smn PHONOGRAPH :5:

Filed Aug. 21, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 24, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFl-CE.

MAXIMILIAN WEIL, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

PHONOGRA'PH MOTOR AND THE LIKE AND METHOD FOR LUBBICATING THE SAME.

Appli-cation filed August 21, 1920. Serial No. 405,035.

To all to hom z'tnmg concern Be it known that Ll/IAXIMILIAN but, acitizen of the United States, and resident of New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Phonograph Motors and the like and Methods forLubricating the Same, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates primarily to lubrication and isparticularly concerned with the lubrication of spring motors of thegeneral type employed for phonographs.

An obje'ct of the invention is to provide a method for eliminating thedifliculties heretofore encountered, both in the original lubrication ofmotors of theabove type and in the relubrication thereof afterinstallation and use. amotor construction to which this method oflubrication is readily applicable.

It has been the practice in assembling phonograph spring motorsof the:type commonly employed to insert? the springs in the correspondingdru-in segments,to ladle as much lubricating. grease as possible intothe drum segments and then to assemble the latter: to constitute thecomplete motor. This operation is not only slow and unclean, but it doesnot ordinarily permit the complete filling of all space within. the drumstructure, about and. between: the convolutions of the driving springstructure, so that parts of. the driving spring structure may remainunl'ubricated, with consequent noise in operation and likelihood ofspring breakage at such parts. Similar difli'culties occur inrelubrication after use, in that the motor is first taken apart andreassenil iled after lubricant has been placed in the druin' segments inthe manner already set forth.

A feature of my invention consists in a novel method for producing alubricated spring motor according to= which the motor is first assembledcompletely and then lubrican't is admitted into theliquid-tightenclosing casing thereof, through an aperture therein, thelubricant being preferably forced in in such quantity asto completelyfill all of the interstices between the convolutions ofthe spring andbetwern the spring and Another object is to provide merging theconvolutions of the encased spring structure, and in its broade'staspects the method may be carried out by providing an aperture in anypart of the'motor casing through whichthe lubricant is forced afterassembly.

Preferably, however, my method is applied to the conventional orstandard construction of phonograph motor in common use, the variousparts of the power plant being used in the identical form in which theyare commonly manufacture-d. In this application one of the casing partsis provided with an opening accessible in the assembled motor to erm-itadmission of the lubricant to the interior, the closure for the openingbeing arranged as not to interfere with the rotation of the drum innormal operation. In a preferred embodiment the drum and the enclosedspring or springs are of conventional construction in every respect andthe supporting rod which carries the spring motor is made tubular inform,

permanently closed at one end and provided a] with a displaceable orremovable cover at the other, there being one or more lateral openingsin the tubular rod communicating with the interior of the casing toallow entry of lubricant thereto, fed from the exterior. t;

According to another feature of the invention a duct, preferably in theform of a flexible tube, is permanently connected to the aperture foradmitting lubricant to the casing from'som'e accessible p'ai t of thephonograph so that lubrication of the motor can be eife'cted by theordinary user without need for touching or even inspecting the motor! Inthe accompanying drawings in which {1; are shown one or more of variouspossible embodiments of the several features of this invention,

Figure l is a view in longitudinal section of the power plant of aspring motor embodying my invention:

Figure 2 is a view in longitudinalsection of a preferred form of greasegun for use in the execution of my method;

Figure 3 is a side view, partly in section, showing one manner ofinstallation of the motor;

Figure at is a view similar to Figure 3, showing another manner ofinstallation, and

Figure 5 is a top View of Figure 4:.

Referring now to the drawings I have illustratively shown in Figure 1 aphonograph motor of the three-spring type comprising a pair of alignedbushings 1 and 2 having concentric therewith a pair of drum segments aand 4 provided respectively w1th integral end walls 5 and 6 whichencircle the laishings as at 7, stuffers 8 being provided to formliquid-tight connections at the junction between the drum segments andthe bushings. A spring 9 is coiled about bushing l and anchored theretoby a rivet as at 10, the other end of the spring being anchored to theinterior of the drum by a similar anchor, not shown. A spring 11 issimilarly coiled about bushing 2, being anchored thereto at one end andto drum element 4: at the other. The two springs 9 and 11 are thusconnected in series by means of the drum 8-el, which is fioatinglymounted upon the two bushings 1 and 2, the torque being transmitted bymeans of these springs from the bushing 1 to the bushing 2. A separatingdisk 12 is secured within the drum and has a central opening 13preferably larger in diameter than that of the bushings, this plateserving to prevent interference between the two springs.

A third bushing let is arranged in alignment with bushings l and 2 andhas floatingly mounted thereon the'end wall15 of a drum 16, the oppositeend wall 17 of said drum being connected as at 18 for rotation as a unitwith the bushing 2. A spring 19 is coiled about bushing lat and securedthereto at one end and to the drum 16 at the other, this spring thusbeing connected in series with springs 9 and 11. A stufi er 17'encircles the bushing 1i and serves to render liquid-tight theconnection between the said bushing and the adjacent drum. The bushing 11 is extended beyond drum 16 as at l t for application of the windingtorque by a construction not part of my present invention, and thereforenot shown. At the end of the spring motor opposite the winding gear isprovided a gear 20 shown in fragmentary form and encircling theprojecting end 21 of the bushing 1 and rigid therewith, the said gearserving to transmit the torque from the spring motor to the mechanism tobe driven (not shown).

The mechanism thus far described is the strictly conventionalthree-spring phonograph motor drum in common use. In common practicetlns motor is mounted in place between supports as at 58 and 59 in themotor frame by means of a solid rod extending through the three bushings1, 2 and 14;, and through the supports 58 and 59, the bushings floatingupon said rod.

According to the preferred form of my invention, 1 provide a supportingrod 22 of the same external diameter as the rod in common use, this rodbeing preferably tubular in form having a longitudinally extendingopening or bore 23. This tubular rod may be made of tubing of a standardgauge. A plug 24 is preferably permanently secured within the tubularrod at the windingend and a removable plug or other closure 25 closesthe rod at the power delivery end of the drum.

Between adjoining ends of the bushings 1 and 2 and preferablysymmetrically with respect to the separating plate 12 I provide one ormore lateral passages or openings 26 in the wall of the tubularsupporting rod.

Two such openings may be provided in alignment with each other, as shownin the drawing, the operation of drilling the openings so arranged beingparticularly easy. If desired, however, the openings may be provided onebetween the separating plate 12 and bushing 1 and the other between saidplate and bushing 2. Obviously, a greater number of such openings mightbe employed, or if desired, but a single opening. Between adjoining endsof bushings 2 and let I preferably provide lateral openings or passages27 identical with the openings 26 just described.

For assembling the motor in the factory and lubricating the samepreparatory to installation upon a honograph, the drum is completelyassemb ed without lubricant in the manner shown in Figure l, and thesupporting rod 22 is passed through the buslr ings and lodged in thesupports 58 and 59 of the motor frame. The plug 25 may be omitted in theoriginal assembly or removed after assembly, whereupon the lubricatinggrease is forced by any appropriate means through the open end of thetubular supporting rod 22. The lubricant passes along the length of therod and travels through to the drum I prefer to employ a grease gunsubstantially of the form shown in Figure 2. This gun comprisespreferably a cylinder 28 having therein a piston 29 operated by a handle30, the cylinder having a delivery end 31 connected by a flexible tubeprel? erably "made of acomposite fabric of cotton and rubber, said tubehaving a nozzle piece connection at these points being; hon

course also takes place of the supporting rod or tube and the handle 30is forced inwardly. The lubricant will travel tlirough the bore 23 ofthe tubular rod and will eirierge through openings 26, separating at theinner periphery of plate 12 so that it is distributed substan tiallyequally at opposite sides of the plate 12. The lubricant enters latFa-11y between the convolutions of the s l ll, reaching the spacesbent-earthsconvolution thereof successively until the space between theoutermost convolutions is tilled, whereupon the admission-of inore'hib"cant will cause the space beti'veen the springs and the drum to becompletely filled. It will be understood that siinultaneoi 1y with theadmission of lubricant to c in ts'oine ruin-i cant will beadmittedtine-ugh opei i'ings 27 which are in parallel with openi 26".openings 26 are closer to the s'on rcefo f prosure than springs 27, itwill of course be apparent that the lubricant will first enter drum 3i'at a considerably tastear it does drurn 16. As the drum b'ec mesfilled, however, anchthe res thee to further admission of lul ni i itthereto increases, the 're'riiaii lubricant "in grease gun will be efi'eely foi ec thopenings 27 to also completel In this operation the air inmi tierd structure will be forced out the jn between the drums and the'lni'sings the liquid-tight to prevent egresso l? the relatively thicklubricant.

Thedetailed operation just set forth with regard to the passage oflubricant to the interior of the spring niotor, al fil i-oli l 'ispecifically described in connection with: the use ofthe grease'gunshownin Figure of l es: ot whatoloyed for te dthe method or apparatus islril ing or forcing the hib ricaiitthrough tubular supporting rod.

It will be seen that the coiul'iin'ation of the drums and 16,thebu-sliingsl,2 and M, and the tubular supporting rod-22 w'th its plugs24'a nd 2-5 a-t'op'pos'ite endsco tutes a liquid-tight casing. Thehollov 22 is a stationary partof the casing; and he drum structure 8, 4,16 is a casing part "rotating slowly in operation t the roll, thestuiiers 8, '8, and 17, preventing escape of "lubricant at the points'ot COI-ititt between the stationary rod and the naming drn nzn.

In the-preferred eonstriicii'igon set "torth, the lubricant isadmittedthrough the supporting rod stationary casing part. It isapparent, however, that the hibricant may be admittedgfifdesired, thoughan aperti in thedruin strirctureior; iiro a part oi power plant,provided the. closure is so conistru'cted and arranged as not toiniteriere with the spring structure on the interior, or withadjacentpa'rts oi the motor iraane or transmission (not shown on theexterior.

the lubricant in the co itrnotion set io'rth is first forced between tlwinnermost eonv'olutions of the spiring and tliien in succession betweenthe convolntioizis at greater distances from the center, any stressesupon the springs in this process, are symmetrically applied and there isno distorting force tending to press together convo'iutions at one ormore. points, such objectionable action preventing the; entry oflubricant at such points.

Although I prefer "toi'enaploy the specific construction shown in whichthe lubirrint is admitted through a passage through the supporting red,the sa d. supporting rod being'fpreferah ly in the form of a tube, itwill be understood that my invention in its broadest aspects-could hecarried out by providing one or more apertures at any other S (5 enablespeed and in a thoroughly cleanly an'ner, the: need for ladli ng thelubricatgrease: between -the.'corwoluti'ons of exposed springs prior tocomplete assembly 0f the motor being entirely eliminated.

It will be apparent, of course, that the invention is equally applicableto spring inotors less than three or more: than three springs, In.the-case of; a two-spring motor, the-drum 16 and bushing M of Figure 1are eliina'inatecil, together with. the passage 27 in. the supportingrod leading to said drum, the. winding torque being applied to h-ushiing2d which. is ore-fertility elongated in the manner oi: bushing '14..

For rehil'iricating' the motor atter inst-allat-ioirantl usei'nthephonograph, the opera- 5 tion above described inig tbe executed, withthe grease gun (it Figure 2, without remov ng the motor fironi thephonograph, this may be accomplished either by a service-agent or by theuser'otthe ph-onograph.

Preferably, however, the motor is so installed upon the phonograph thatrehibrication can be effected withoutdirect access or eaten inspectionofthe motor-itself. @110 &

1. A flexible tube 35 is connected at one end 36 for communication withthe bore 23 of the supporting rod, the opposite end 37 of the tubehaving a liquid tight connection with a nozzle 38 formed integral with afitting 39, said fitting having a flange 41 secured by screws 42preferably to the top of the motor board 43 upon which the motor M ismounted. A removable plug 44 preferably closes the opening in fitting39. For lubrication the plug 44 is removed, the threaded nozzle 34 ofthe grease gun shown in Figure 2 is substituted therefor and lubricantis forced therethrough by operation of the piston 29, the greasetraveling through the tube 35 and into the tubular supporting rod 22whence it enters the drums and between the convolutions of the spring inthe manner heretofore set forth.

A further illustrative arrangement for lubricating or relubricating thespring motor from the exterior of the phonograph, is shown in Figure 4.This figure shows the motor M, which may be identical with that ofFigure 1, secured to a motor board 45. A grease cup 46 is preferablysecured by screws 47 to the lower surface of motor board and has aquantity of lubricant therein. The delivery end 49 of the grease cup isconnected preferably by a flexible tube 50 to the tubular supporting rod22 at the power delivery end of the motor by any desired means, as at51. The specific construction of the grease cup is not material to thisinvention and it may be briefly noted that it preferably comprises apiston 52 threaded about a threaded rod 53 extending the length of thecylinder, the said piston having a keyed connection to the cylinder asat 54 to prevent relative rotation. An operating turnbutton 55 extendsfrom the rod above the upper surface of motor board 45 and through abushing 56 in said motor board. Below the handle 55 there is provided anarrow 57 indicating the direction in which the turn button 55 should beturned to effect lubrication. If desired, an appropriate legend (notshown) may indicate the purpose of the button 55. By the use of theapparatus shown in Figures 4 and 5 it will be seen that an auxiliarysupply of lubricant is available in a concealed position within thephonograph and whenever further lubrication is desired the operator needmerely turn the button 55 through an appropriate angle and thelubrication takes place expeditiously and without dirt or annoyance. v

Although the entire drum structure rotates in operation, the connectionof the flexible tube 35 in Figure 3 and 50 in Figures 4 and 5 remainsstationary, since this connection is at a stationary part of the casing,at the supporting rod 22.

Although according to the preferred execut-ion of my invention, thespring motors will be filled with lubricant before shipment from thefactory, it will be apparent that the motors might be shippedunlubricated and any of the arrangements of apparatus above described orother forms of apparatus may be utilized for filling the motor withlubricant after installation thereof in the phonograph, in accordancewith the method set forth.

Obviously the invention is not confinedin its application to springmotors for phonographs but mightbe utilized to good effect for springmotors of a great variety of constructions and for a great variety ofuses. In its broader aspects the invention is applicable to diflerentforms of operating mechanisms, whether spring propelled or not.

It will be apparent that my invention might be applied to advantage incombination with the mechanism shown in my copending application, SerialNo. 896,211, filed July 14, 1920, in which event the clutch element insaid co-pending applica tion would preferably have radial passages forcommunication with the openings 26 in the tubular supporting rod.

I claim:

1. A spring motor, comprising in combination, a substantiallygrease-tight enclosure including as part thereof a drum having endwalls, and a coil spring confined within said drum casing, saidenclosure including a substantially liquid-tight closure for a passagethrough which lubricant may be admitted to the interior of the drum.

2. A spring motor, comprising in combination, a drum having end walls,and an axial supporting rod therefor enacting therewith to provide agrease-tight enclosure, a coil spring about said rod and with in saiddrum, said drum including a substantially liquid-tight closure at oneend thereof for an aperture through which lubricant may be admitted tothe interior thereof to fill the spaces therein about the spring andbetween the convolutions thereof.

3. A spring motor comprising in combination, a grease-tight enclosureincluding a drum having end walls, a bushing extending into said drum,and a spring coiled about said bushing and secured thereto at one endand to said drum at the other, said enclosure including a substantiallyliquidtight closure at one end thereof for an aperture extendinglongitudinally through said bushing for the purpose of admittinglubricant to the interior of the enclosure to fill the spaces thereinabout the spring and between the convolutions thereof.

4. A spring motor comprising, in combination, a drum having end walls,an axial supporting rod therefor, a bushing floatingly mounted upon saidrod and extending menace into said drum, said rod coacting with saidbushing to provide a grease tight casing, and a spring coiled about saidbushing and secured thereto at one end and to said drum at theother,said casing including a sub stantially liquid-tight closure at one endthereof for an aperture extending longitudinally through said bushingfor the purpose of admitting lubricant to the interior of the casing, tofill the spaces within the casin about the spring and between theconvolut o'ns thereof.

5 A spring motor comprising, in combi natlon, a grease-tight enclosure,said enclosure having astationar-y part, a partmoving with rescot-thereto in operation, and means establishing a liquid-tightconnection between the stationary and the moving parts, said enclosureincluding asubstan tially liquid-tight closure for a passage throughwhich lubricant may be admitted to the interior, said closure beingconstructed and disposed in suchmanner as to clear the motor'strncturewithin the moving enclosure part, and also the structure exterior ofsaid part.

6: A spring motor comprising in combination, a grease-tight enclosurecomprising arotating drum structure, a "stationary part extendinganially thereof, means establishing a liquid-tight connection betweenthe stationary and the, moving parts, and a substantially liquid-tightclosure in said sta tionary casing part for a passage through whichlubricant may be admitted to the interior of said enclosure.

7. A spring motor comprising in combi- V nation, a drum having end wallsand an axial supporting rod therefor extending be yoiid said drum at oneend and 'coacting therewith to provide a grease-tight enclosure, a coilspring about said rod and withiiisai'd drum, said supporting rod havinga duct extending from the projecting end thereof to the interior of saidenclosure through which lubricant may be admitted, and a liquid=tightclosure "for said duct.

8. A spring motor having a winding end and a power delivery end,comprising in coml'iinati'on, a drum having end walls and an atrialsupporting rod therefor coa'cting with said drum. to provide agrease-tight en- 'cl'osur'e, a coil spring about said rod and withinsaid drum, said rod having a well extending axially thereof from thepower delivery end and communicating with the interior of said enclosureto provide a path for the admission of lubricant, and a liquidt-ig-htclosure for said well.

9, Aspiring motor comprising in combination, an 'el'iclosing drumstructure, an axial supporting rod therefor, tubular in form closed atone end and open at the and the interior of said drum structure, and agrease-tight closure to] the open end of said tubular supporting rod.

10. A spring motor comprising, in combination, a drum having end walls,an axial supporting rod therefor, a bushing floatingly mounted upon saidrod and extending into said drum, a spring coiled about said bushing andsecured thereto at one end and to said drum at the other, saidsupporting rod having an axial well therein communicating with theinteriorof said drum to one side of said spring, and a. removableclosure for said well. 7 I

11. In a spring motor of the type including a supporting rod, a drumstructure fioatingly mounted on said rod and having a greasmtightconnection therewith, and a pair of coilsprings arranged inside-b,y-side relation within said structure and connected in series,the provision of a duct extending along the length of said rod andhaving coinmunication with the interior of said drum adjacent both saidsprings, and a displaceable closure for the open end of said duct. 12.In a spring motor of the type including a supporting rod, a pair ofbushings floatingly mounted thereon and spaced from each other, a drumhaving end walls encircling said bushings and having a greaseti'ghtconnection thereat, a pair of springs, one corresponding to eachsaidbushing and secured thereto at the inner end, said springs beingsecured at the outer ends to said drum; the construction in which thesupporting rod is tubular in form, closed at both ends and has a portlocated between adjoining ends of said bushings the closure at one endoi said rod being displaceable to permit entry of lubricant therethroughto the interior of said drum through said tubular supporting rod andsaid port.

13. In a spring motor of the type coinprijsing a supporting rod, apairof bushings fioatingly disposed thereon and spaced from each other, adrum having end walls encircling said bushings and having a grease-tightconnection therewith, a pair of coil springs, one corresponding to eachsaid bushing and connected thereto at the inner end, said springs beingconnected to said drum at the outer end, and an annular separating plateextending between said springs; the construction in which the supportingrod is tubular in form, closed by plugs at both ends, one of said plugsbeing removable, and in which said rod has a port c'onmninicating withthe interior of said drum at a point between said bushings, said portbeing substantially bi-sected by the plane of said separating, plate.

1%. In a spring motor of the type including a supporting rod, a pair ofbushings floating-1y mounted thereon, a drum having end walls encirclingsaid bushings and having a grease-tight connection therewith, a pair ofsprings within said drum, one corresponding to each said bushing andsecured thereto at one end and to said drum at the other, a thirdbushing encircling said rod and a drum having an end wall fioatinglymounted upon said third bushing and a second end wall rigidly connectedto the ad jacent bushing, and a spring within said latter drum securedthereto at one end and to said third bushing at the other, said drumsbeing constructed and arranged to form a liquid-tight enclosure; theconstruction in which said enclosure includes substantially liquid-tightclosure means for passages through which lubricant may be admitted tothe interior of the two drums.

15. In a spring motor of the type including a supporting rod, a pair ofbushings floatingly mounted thereon, a drum having end walls encirclingsaid bushings and having a grease-tight connection therewith, a pair ofsprings within said drum, one corresponding to each said bushing andsecured thereto at one end and to said drum at the other, a thirdbushing encircling said rod and a drum having an end wall fioatinglymounted upon said bushing and a second end wall rigidly connected to theadjacent bushing, a spring within said latter drum secured thereto atone end and to said third bushing at the other, said drums and saidsupporting rod coacting to form a liquidtight enclosure; theconstruction in which a liquid-tight closure is provided at an end ofone of said drums through which lubricant may be admitted to theinterior of the enclosure, and in which a duct efiects communicationbetween the interior of the two drums.

16. In a spring motor of the type including a supporting rod, a pair ofbushings floatingly mounted thereon, a drum having end walls encirclingsaid bushings and having a grease-tight connection therewith, a pair ofsprings within said drum, one corresponding to each said bushing andsecured thereto at one end and to said drum at the other, a thlrd bushmgencircling said rod and a drum having an end wall floatingly mountedupon said bushing and a sec end end wall rigidly connected to the ad acent bushing, a spring within said latter drum secured. thereto at oneend and to said third bushing at the other; the construction of saidsupporting rod of tubing closed at both ends, the closure at one endbeing re movable, said tubing having an aperture disposed betweenadjacent ends of the first two bushings within the first drum andbetween the third bushing and that adjacent thereto within the seconddrum, whereby upon removal of said removable closure lubricant may beadmitted into said tubular supporting rod and through the apertures intothe two drums.

17. The combination of claim 16, in which the apertures in the rod areprovided in diametrically opposite pairs and of equal diameter.

18. The combination in a phonograph, of a motor supported therein, saidmotor having a substantially grease-tight enclosure including a drumhaving end walls, a coil spring confined within said casing, a tubecommunicatingat one end with the interior of said enclosure, and meansupon anexposed part of said phonograph for directing the flow oflubricant to and through said tube to the interior of said enclosure.

19. A spring motor comprising in combination, a grease-tight enclosurecomprising a rotating drum'structure, a stationary part extendingaxially thereof, means establishing a liquid-tight connection betweenthe stationary and the moving parts, a tube communicating at one endwith a passage in said stationary casing part, and means upon an exposedpart ofsaid phonograph for directing the flow of lubricant to andthrough said tube to the interior of said enclosure.

20. A phonograph includingin combinaw tion, a motor board, a springmotorsecured thereto and including a horizontal drum having end walls, a coilspring confined within said drum, a tube communicating at one end withthe interior of said drum, and means accessible from the exposed surfaceof said motor board for directing the flow of lubricant to and throughsaid tube to the interior of said drum,

21. A phonograph comprising in combination, a motor board, a springmotor secured thereto and including a grease-tight enclosing drumcontaining lubricant, a tube communicating from the top of said motorboard with the interior of said drum, and a closure for the exposed endof said tube, whereby when it is desired to lubricate the motor, theclosure is opened and lubricant is fed bymeans of a grease gun or thelike through the tube to enter the interior of the motor.

22. A phonograph comprising, in combination, a motor board, a motorsecured there to, said motor including a grease-tight casing and coilspring driving means enclosed therein, a grease cup secured to the lowersurface of said motor board, a tube estab lishing communication betweenthe delivery end of said grease cup and the interior of said motorcasing, and an operating means for said grease cup accessible from theexposed side of the motor board.

23. A spring motor of the type employed in phonographs, comprising agrease-tight drum structure, a plurality of coil springs thereinarranged side by side and connected in series, a duct Within saidstructure arranged to convey lubricant to the springs in parallel, and aliquid-tight closure for closing said duct against egress of lubricant.

24. A spring motor .of the type employed in phonographs, comprising agrease-tight drum structure a plurality of coil springs therein, a ductWithin said structure arranged to convey lubricant to the springs inparallel, and a liquid-tight closure for 10 closing said duct againstegress of lubricant.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 19th day of August, A. D. 1920.

MAXIMILIAN VVEIL.

